Sentence Structure .Types of Sentences
( Cümle Yapısı ve Cümle Türleri)
Sentences fall into four general groups (Cümleler 4 genel gruplar var ) – declarative (deklaratif), imperative (emir), interrogative (soru) and exclamatory (ünlem).
DECLARATIVE
A declarative sentence states facts or opinions; it ends with a period.
e.g.: The class discussed a very important problem yesterday
SUBJECT VERB OBJECT ADVERBIALS
How? Where? When?
I learned the poem in class yesterday.
We ate our meal in silence.
NOTE: We can also put the time reference at the beginning: Yesterday the class discussed a very important prob¬lem.
IMPERATIVE
An imperative sentence requests or demands action; it ends with a period. Some imperative sentences sound like questions. These sentences do not require a response in words; they sug¬gest or require an action by someone.
e.g.:
Will you please call Dale Jennings.
Open / don’t open the window.
EXCLAMATORY
An exclamatory sentence shows emotion; it ends with an exclamation point.
How well she dances!
INTERROGATIVE
An interrogative sentence asks a question; it ends with a question mark.
Are you leaving Minsk for Moscow tomorrow?
There are following types of questions:
1. «Yes/no»-questions, i.e. questions which can be answered ‘yes’ or ‘no’ (general questions).
The typical word order is auxiliary verb + subject group + main verb + object + adverbial modifier
Is she typing?
Has he been working?
2. «Wh»-questions (special questions).
The scheme of all types of special questions except questions about the subject of the sentence is interrogative word + auxil¬iary verb + subject group + main verb + object + adverbial modifier
When did she get the letter?
Mind the word order in questions about the subject of the sentence: interrogative word + predicate + object + adverbial modifier
Who plays the piano well?
3. Question tags (disjunctive questions).
Tags generally repeat auxiliaries, or do / did. A positive state¬ment has a negative tag, a negative statement has a positive tag.
He is not friendly, is he?
You will help me, won’t you ?
NOTE; a) It is possible for a positive tag to follow a positive statement, to express interest, or ask for confirmation.
So, you like working here, do you?
b) Tags with will and won’t can be used after imperatives. Don’t drive so fast, will you?
c) Let’s … has a tag formed with shall. Let’s have a drink, shall we ?
d) Everyone / Someone / Anyone / No one —^- they? Someone is knocking at the door, aren ‘t they ?
4. «Or»-questions (alternative questions).
Are you a lecturer or a student!
5. Indirect questions.
Mind the direct word order in indirect questions. / wonder if you can help me. He inquired whether he could see her.
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